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Dhamek Stupa (also spelled ''Dhamekh'' and ''Dhamekha'') is a massive stupa located at Sarnath, 13 km away from Varanasi in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.〔http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-monuments/dhamekh-stupa.html〕 Stupas originated as pre-Buddhist tumuli, in which ascetics were buried in a seated position,〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2013-01-07 )〕 called chaitya.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2013-01-07 )〕 After the parinirvana of the Buddha, his remains were cremated and the ashes divided and buried under eight mounds with two further mounds encasing the urn and the embers. Little is known about these early stupas, particularly since it has not been possible to identify the original ten monuments. However, some later stupas, such as at Sarnath and Sanchi, seem to be embellishments of earlier mounds. The Dhamek Stupa was built in 500 CE〔''Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture'', 20th ed. (ed. by Dan Cruickshank). Architectural Press, 1996. ISBN 0-7506-2267-9. Page 646.〕 to replace an earlier structure commissioned by the great Mauryan king Ashoka in 249 BCE, along with several other monuments, to commemorate the Buddha's activities in this location. Stupas originated as circular mounds encircled by large stones. King Ashoka built stupas to enshrine small pieces of calcinated bone and other relics of the Buddha and his disciples.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Stupas )〕 An Ashoka pillar with an edict engraved on it stands near the site. The Dhamek Stupa is said to mark the spot of a deer park (''Rishipattana'') where the Buddha gave the first sermon to his five disciples after attaining enlightenment,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Place of the Buddha’s First Sermon )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】http://www.asia.msu.edu/southasia/india/culture/architecture.html )〕 "revealing his Eightfold Path leading to nirvana".〔Quoted from: Pippa de Bruyn, Niloufer Venkatraman, Keith Bain. ''Frommer's India''. ISBN 0-471-79434-1. Page 340.〕 The stupa was enlarged on six occasions but the upper part is still unfinished.〔Bradnock, Robert W. ''Footprint India''. Footprint Travel Guides, 2004. ISBN 1-904777-00-7. Page 191.〕 While visiting Sarnath in 640 CE, Xuanzang recorded that the colony had over 1,500 priests and the main stupa was nearly high.〔Arnett, Robert A. ''India Unveiled''. Atman Press, 2006. ISBN 0-9652900-4-2.〕 In its current shape, the stupa is a solid cylinder of bricks and stone reaching a height of 43.6 meters and having a diameter of 28 meters. It is the most massive structure in Sarnath.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dhamekh Stupa )〕 The basement seems to have survived from Ashoka's structure: the stone facing is chiseled and displays delicate floral carvings of Gupta origin. The wall is covered with exquisitely carved figures of humans and birds, as well as inscriptions in the Brāhmī script.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dhamekh Stupa )〕 The Dhamek Stupa features in the 2014 Indian mystery thriller novel ''The Emperor's Riddles'' by Satyarth Nayak. == Gallery == File:Stupas around the Dhamekh Stupa, Sarnath.jpg|Dhamekh Stupa, Saranath Image:History of Dhamekh Stupa on Stone.jpg | History of Dhamekh Stupa on stone File:Dhamekh Stupa close-up, Sarnath.jpg|Dhamekh Stupa close-up, Sarnath File:Dhamekh Stupa close up.jpg | Dhamekh Stupa wall Close Up FilStupa]] wall Close Up 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dhamek Stupa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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